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Objective@#The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between maternal tea consumption and birth outcomes.@*Methods@#From January 2005 to December 2010, pregnant women were recruited from Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Hospital. The basic information and the situation of tea consumption during pregnancy were investigated using questionnaire and the birth outcomes of newborns were followed up. Finally, 500 pairs of mothers and infants with complete and standard-compliant data were included in the analysis. The differences of birth outcomes between the tea consumption group and the non tea consumption group were compared and the associations between tea consumption and birth outcomes were analyzed using multivariate logistic regression.@*Results@#Mother's tea consumption rate was 32.8% (164 cases) during pregnancy. The rate of low birth weight in the tea consumption group was (5.5%, 9 cases) and higher than that in the non-tea consumption group (2.1%, 7 cases) (P=0.042). There was no significant difference in the rate of premature birth, small for gestational age, fetal distress, and macrosomia between the two groups After the adjustment of maternal age, education level, family income, weight gain during pregnancy, pre-pregnancy BMI, parity, gestational hypertension, gestational diabetes, neonatal gender and gestational age, compared with non-tea consumption group, there was a positive effect on low birth weight, OR(95%CI) was 4.76 (1.06-21.48). The OR (95%CI) value of the low birth weight risk of the tea group was 5.30 (1.04-26.92) compared with the non-tea consumption group after the adjustment of additional factors such as passive smoking, coffee consumption, folic acid supplement, mineral supplement, carbonated beverage consumption. Simultaneously, compared with non-tea consumption group, there was no statistically significant association between tea consumption during pregnancy and premature birth, small for gestational age, fetal distress and macrosomia (P>0.05).@*Conclusion@#Tea consumption during pregnancy was a risk factor for low birth weight in offspring.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate thirdhand smoke (THS) pollution in certain places of Nanjing, as well as to analyze its distribution characteristics.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From March to May, 2014, we selected 3 types of places (residencies, public places and transportation vehicles) that were close to people's living in Jianye,Yuhua,Jiangning,Xuanwu,Gulou and Pukou districts of Nanjing city.For each of the above 3 types of places, 2-3 smoking and non-smoking (smoking ban) locations were investigated, totally 51 locations, 9-10 samples were collected each location, totally 477 samples. The surface wipe sampling method in conjunction with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was utilized to quantify the levels of nicotine that served as the tracer of THS pollution.One-way ANOVA and t-tests were employed to compare the levels of nicotine collected at different places and locations.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Totally 477 samples were collected in this study, of which 27.0% was from residencies (129/477), 61.0% (291/477) from public places and 11.9% (57/477) from transportations. The levels of indoor surface nicotine in smoking residences, public places and transportations were (214 ± 55),(1 408 ± 177) and (1 511 ± 785) µg/m(2), respectively, which were all higher than those in the corresponding non-smoking places ((23 ± 9),(62 ± 11), and (46 ± 15) µg/m(2); t values were 13.79, 13.15, 3.45, respectively. P values were <0.001, <0.001 and 0.006, respectively).In the smoking places, the levels of surface nicotine on walls, desks, sofas, cabinets, door backsides and air conditioning openings were (171 ± 62),(232 ± 38),(373 ± 151),(903 ± 239), (978 ± 212), (1 721 ± 517) µg/m(2) (F = 7.06, P = 0.009).In the smoking condition, the levels of surface nicotine collected from public places were higher (F = 9.25, P = 0.024), while under non-smoking (smoking ban) conditions, the levels of surface nicotine collected from residences were lower (F = 7.88, P < 0.001).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>THS pollution was widespread in public places, residences and transportations in Nanjing city, which was more serious in the smoking environments than non-smoking (smoking ban) environments; the contamination was less serious in non-smoking (smoking ban) private residences; in the smoking condition, the levels of surface nicotine were relatively high at locations close to air conditioning openings, door backsides and cabinets.</p>
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Humans , Air Conditioning , China , Housing , Nicotine , Public Facilities , Smoking , Tandem Mass Spectrometry , Tobacco Smoke Pollution , TransportationABSTRACT
ObjectiveTo evaluate the fourth-generation ultrasonic lithotripsy system for treating the urinary tract stones.Methods243 cases of urinary tract stones who received treatment of fourth-generation EMS ultrasonic lithotripsy system were analyzed retrospectively.ResultsImmediate phase I lithotrotrisy was performed successfully in 227 cases and the successful rate of phase I was 93.3％ (227/243).Delayed phase Ⅱ lithotripsy was performed for 16 patients.Complications happened in 2 cases,one case occurred hydropneumothorax during operation,required indwelling thoracic drainage tube processing,the other had severe bleeding which conservative treatment was ineffective,cured by the intervention of super-selective renal artery embolization.Conclusion Fourth generation of ultrasonic lithotripsy for treating stones on different anatomical locations of urinary system was safe,practical and efficient,worthy of clinical application.
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AimTo investigate the protective effect of nerve growth factor (NGF) from the Chinese cobra venom on spinal neurons after sciatic nerve lesion. Methods Fourty Wistar rats were divided into 2 groups each containing 20 animals. After surgical crush lesion on the bilateral sciatic nerve, the rats were injected NGF into the target muscle every day. On the d 5 and d 10 after operation, enzyme histochemistry technique was used to show acetycholinesterase(AchE) activity of the motoneurons in L5～S2 spinal cord anterior hornandfluorideresistantacidphophatase (FRAP) activity of substantia gelatinosa in L5～ S2 spinal cord posterior horn. The activity of enzyme was analysed with computer image analysis system. Results Compared with the control group, the activity of FRAP in NGF group was higher on the d 5 and d 10 after operation and the activity of AchE in NGF group was higher on the d 10 after operation. ConclusionIt is demonstrated that NGF could protect the mononeurons in spinal cord anterior horn and the sensory neurons in dorsal root ganglia after axotomy.